{"id":19665,"date":"2018-12-12T17:34:20","date_gmt":"2018-12-12T14:34:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/?p=19665"},"modified":"2025-07-23T11:56:43","modified_gmt":"2025-07-23T08:56:43","slug":"skyline-evolution-lower-manhattan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/skyline-evolution-lower-manhattan\/","title":{"rendered":"The Lower Manhattan Skyline &#8211; A Story Of Fortitude And Resolve"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>New York has long been a vibrant city with persistent energy and a unique competitive streak. Growing from a humble Seventeenth Century settlement into America\u2019s largest metropolis, NYC has developed many defining features, the most distinguished of which is perhaps its impressive skyline, which boasts the largest collection of skyscrapers in the Western Hemisphere.<\/p>\n<p>We continue our\u00a0skyline evolution series\u00a0with a multi-part look at the growth of the NYC cityscape. In this first part, we map the upward evolution of Downtown Manhattan from the early 1900s through today. Under the ever inspiring watch of Lady Liberty, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/coworking-space\/us\/ny\/manhattan\/downtown-manhattan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lower Manhattan<\/a> stretches below 14th\u00a0street, from the Hudson to the East River, a checkerboard of narrow glass canyons and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2016\/12\/21\/upshot\/Mapping-the-Shadows-of-New-York-City.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shaded streets<\/a>\u00a0lined with townhouses.<\/p>\n<p>Check out the video below and read on to learn more about the evolution of Downtown Manhattan.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/r-8V4dq8jPI\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Today\u2019s dense clusters of Lower and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/coworking-space\/us\/ny\/manhattan\/midtown-manhattan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Midtown Manhattan<\/a> are the result of cycles of boom and bust throughout the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/current-skyscraper-building-boom-falls-short-of-eighties\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">history of the American skyscraper<\/a>. At the southern tip of the island, Wall Street skyscrapers stand in oddly satisfying contrast to the old commercial buildings of the South Street Seaport historic district, which has political as well as commercial significance: from 1785 through 1789, Congress <a href=\"https:\/\/declaration.fas.harvard.edu\/blog\/january-superintending-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">met<\/a> at Federal Hall, the same building in which George Washington was sworn in as the first President of the United States on April 30th,\u00a01789.<\/p>\n<p>In the 230 years since it <a href=\"https:\/\/ephemeralnewyork.wordpress.com\/2012\/02\/20\/when-new-york-city-was-the-nations-capital\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">served<\/a> as the de-facto capital, Manhattan grew from a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1989\/04\/23\/nyregion\/spanning-200-years-to-the-inaugural.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">city of 28,000 people<\/a> walking on crooked, narrow, unpaved, and often unlit streets lined by modest buildings only a few stories tall, to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www1.nyc.gov\/site\/planning\/data-maps\/nyc-population\/current-future-populations.page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">1.7-million<\/a>-strong borough that sports a glimmering and sky-piercing cityscape unlike any other in the world.<\/p>\n<h2>The Early 1900s: Turning On The Lights And Recognizing Air Rights<\/h2>\n<p>The New York Stock Exchange building \u2013 the greatest symbol of trade in the land \u2013 opened its doors at 11 Wall St., in April 1903, and its grand fa\u00e7ade still offers an imposing view, even from a block away. The Singer Sewing Machine Co. headquarters building opened in 1908, part of a cluster of high-rises that were the tallest in the world at the time. During a period when electric lighting was a novelty, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyscraper.org\/skyline\/souvenirs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Singer was the second notable construction to use exterior illumination<\/a>, mainly for advertising purposes.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_19748\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/YM_Woolworth_Building_Lower_Manhattan.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19748\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-19748\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/YM_Woolworth_Building_Lower_Manhattan-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"the Woolworth Building, 233 Broadway, Lower Manhattan\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-19748\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>The Woolworth Building, 233 Broadway (Yardi Matrix)<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>In April 1913, President Woodrow Wilson pushed a button in Washington, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nypl.org\/blog\/2013\/04\/22\/woolworth-building-cathedral-commerce\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">80,000 lights<\/a> came on at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/commercial-property\/us\/ny\/new-york\/woolworth-building\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Woolworth Tower on Broadway<\/a> in Manhattan, signaling that \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/lccn\/sn83030272\/1913-04-25\/ed-1\/seq-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">New York\u2019s newest heaven-kissing tower was opened formally for service<\/a>.\u201d Before 1920, several influential and innovative high-rises joined the skyline. The 7-story stepped pyramid atop <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/commercial-property\/us\/ny\/new-york\/14-wall\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">14 Wall St.<\/a>, built 1912, became a symbol of the Financial District and was broadly copied in 1920s\u2019 architecture. The Municipal Building, built 1914, was the first to incorporate a subway station into its base \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.columbia.edu\/~brennan\/abandoned\/chambers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Chambers Street station<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The 38-story steel-frame <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/commercial-property\/us\/ny\/new-york\/equitable-building\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Equitable Building<\/a> (1915) rose directly from the street line, without any setbacks. Its massive figure encompassed 1.2 million square feet of rentable space, could house 16,000 office workers, and was equipped with state-of-the-art elevators, ventilation and heating systems. To its owners, it was one of the most beautiful buildings on the continent. To New Yorkers, it was a behemoth that blocked out the sun, and it sparked a public outcry that <a href=\"https:\/\/ny.curbed.com\/2013\/3\/15\/10263912\/the-equitable-building-and-the-birth-of-nyc-zoning-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">led to the adoption of the 1916 Building Zone Resolution<\/a>, the first of its kind, which would thereafter <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/what-are-air-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">regulate the size and bulk of any new construction<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_19746\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/YM_daytime_street_level_view_26_broadway_nyc_standard_oil_building.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19746\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-19746\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/YM_daytime_street_level_view_26_broadway_nyc_standard_oil_building-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"street level view of the standard oil building at 26 broadway in lower manhattan new york city\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-19746\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>26 Broadway, Financial District, Manhattan (Yardi Matrix)<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>A flurry of beaux-arts style stepped-fa\u00e7ade towers cropped up across Lower Manhattan during the 1920s. Broadway, Pine, and Wall Street became home to several towers taller than 400 feet, each more imposing than the last: The Barclay-Vessey tower, currently the Verizon Building, the Equitable Trust Co. headquarters at the intersection of Broad and Wall streets \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2004\/05\/11\/nyregion\/condos-not-roll-tops-on-finance-s-holiest-corner.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">the most important street corner in American finance, at the time<\/a> \u2013 currently a luxury residential condominium dubbed Downtown by Philippe Starck, and the Transportation Building at 225 Broadway, just to name a few.<\/p>\n<p>The Standard Oil Co. headquarters building at 26 Broadway rose 520 feet tall upon completion in 1924. Boasting the tallest tower at the tip of the island, the building featured a beacon that guided ships toward the harbor and was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/the-standard-oil-building-new-york-new-york\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">designed<\/a> to be visible to all those who disembarked, drawing them into the city.<\/p>\n<h2>Roaring 20s LoMa Building Energy Spills Into 1930s<\/h2>\n<p>The early 1930s marked the completion of several tall orders on which work started before the Great Depression hit. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/office\/us\/ny\/manhattan\/financial-district\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Manhattan\u2019s Financial District<\/a> was so crowded with building activity, that there was no room to store materials for the ambitious project underway at 40 Wall Street, originally the Manhattan Co. building. Consequently, engineers scrambled for solutions and managed to get the 927-foot-tall tower built <a href=\"https:\/\/untappedcities.com\/2016\/11\/11\/the-top-10-secrets-of-40-wall-street-the-trump-building-in-nyc\/3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in just 11 months<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_19749\" style=\"width: 385px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/YM_32_Ave_Americas_03.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19749\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-19749\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/YM_32_Ave_Americas_03-375x300.jpg\" alt=\"32 avenue of the americas, tribeca, lower manhattan, new york city\" width=\"375\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-19749\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>32 Avenue of the Americas, TriBeCa (Yardi Matrix)<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Outside the then-densifying Financial District, the terracotta-clad figure of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/commercial-property\/us\/ny\/new-york\/32-avenue-of-the-americas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AT&amp;T headquarters at 32 Avenue of the Americas<\/a> rose 549 feet in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/office\/us\/ny\/manhattan\/tribeca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TriBeCa<\/a>. The 1.2 million-square-foot edifice was home to technical offices and equipment for the company&#8217;s transatlantic communications and remains a massive interconnection hub to this day.<\/p>\n<p>20 Exchange Place opened for business in February 1931, with over 30,000 people attending the opening day ribbon-cutting ceremony. The tower still houses a breathtaking collection of mural art that depicts the history of New York City up to that time.<\/p>\n<p>In 1932, the 952-foot-tall tower at 70 Pine was completed. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/03\/08\/realestate\/streetscapes-70-pine-street-an-art-deco-tower-with-double-deck-elevators.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">One of the last Jazz Age towers on Wall Street<\/a>, and the first to employ a double-deck elevator system, the slender cloud-piercing silhouette marked the shift in Manhattan architecture that would follow in step with the changes in the economy. It remained Lower Manhattan\u2019s tallest building until the World Trade Center snatched the title in 1973.<\/p>\n<h2>1960s: The Lower Manhattan Revival<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/office\/us\/ny\/new-york-city\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New York City<\/a>&#8216;s\u00a0penchant for renewal\u00a0is visible in its ever-changing skyline. With patience and fortitude, New Yorkers built their way out of the Great Depression and World War II. In the urban renewal plan of the mid-1960s, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/04\/23\/nyregion\/thecity\/the-sky-boys.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Sky Boys<\/a> were back at work, high upon the girders.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_19752\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/YM_140_Broadway_Equitable_Building_150_Broadway.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19752\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-19752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/YM_140_Broadway_Equitable_Building_150_Broadway-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"street level view of, from left to right, 140 Broadway, the Equitable Building, 150 Broadway \" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-19752\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>from left to right: 140 Broadway, the Equitable Building, 150 Broadway (Yardi Matrix)<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>David Rockefeller\u2019s vision of an International Style skyscraper that would contrast the multitude of Nineteenth-century spires dotting the Lower Manhattan Skyline materialized in 1963 in the form of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/commercial-property\/us\/ny\/new-york\/28-liberty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">28 Liberty<\/a> office tower, which rose proudly 813 feet tall. The mighty Singer Building and the City Investing Building were razed in 1968, to make room for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/commercial-property\/us\/ny\/new-york\/one-liberty-plaza\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">One Liberty Plaza<\/a>,\u00a0completed 1973. Derelict warehouses by the Hudson gave way to the Twin Towers (1972 and 1973), an impressive 110 floors each, housing international business and finance. Towering over 1,300 feet above the city, the World Trade Center stretched taller than any other building on the planet, reigning over the city that had truly become the center of global finance and trade.<\/p>\n<p>Skyscrapers filled the cityscape like never before during the great American building boom of the 1980s. The once frighteningly massive Equitable Building was muted and modest among towers that topped out above 500 feet every few months. Manhattan was not only getting taller, it had also gotten wider. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Construction_of_the_World_Trade_Center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1.2 million<\/a> cubic yards of material that was excavated in the construction of the WTC was used to extend the shoreline 700 feet into the Hudson, running roughly six blocks in length. Battery Park City was born and soon after became home to the World Financial Center, currently Brookfield Place.<\/p>\n<h2>New Millennium, New New York<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_12350\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/08\/6B8BE2A6-2D70-45C5-8935-8AE4CFFB7926.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12350\" class=\"wp-image-12350 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/08\/6B8BE2A6-2D70-45C5-8935-8AE4CFFB7926-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"One World Trade Center, New York City (Yardi Matrix)\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12350\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>One World Trade Center, New York City (Yardi Matrix)<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>The Millennium Point tower opened in January 2002 at the southern tip of Battery Park City. Property owner Millennium Partners donated a space on the ground floor to serve as permanent home to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyscraper.org\/skyline\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Skyscraper Museum<\/a>, which collects and preserves invaluable artifacts of high-rise history, in celebration of New York\u2019s rich architectural heritage.<\/p>\n<p>Since the start of the new millennium, additions to the Lower Manhattan skyline are a fresh shift in architecture, rising to dizzying heights in new shapes, employing new technologies, and incorporating novel amenities. <a href=\"https:\/\/newyorkbygehry.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">New York by Gehry<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.50westnyc.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">50 West<\/a> add to the city&#8217;s legacy of architectural innovation by reinventing the Manhattan skyscraper style. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/commercial-property\/us\/ny\/new-york\/7-world-trade-center\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">7 WTC<\/a> is the city\u2019s first LEED Gold-certified commercial building. An urban pine forest grows on the fifth floor of 101 Warren St., made up of 101 trees.<\/p>\n<p>New Yorkers have always taken great pride in their toughness and resilience, defining traits that have also been reflected in the evolution of the city\u2019s skyline. Today, nothing exemplifies that spirit more than the Freedom Tower. Completed in 2014, One World Trade Center stands 1776 feet tall, a celebratory nod to the year that the Declaration of Independence was signed. Its spire shining every night, the tallest building in the country watches over the harbor, over Lady Liberty, over New York City.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_19750\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/1WTC_LadyLiberty_NYC_skyline.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19750\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19750\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/1WTC_LadyLiberty_NYC_skyline.jpg\" alt=\"lady liberty on the water facing the lower manhattan skyline with 1 wtc shining brightly in the night\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/1WTC_LadyLiberty_NYC_skyline.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/1WTC_LadyLiberty_NYC_skyline.jpg?resize=150,100 150w, https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/1WTC_LadyLiberty_NYC_skyline.jpg?resize=450,300 450w, https:\/\/www.commercialcafe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/1WTC_LadyLiberty_NYC_skyline.jpg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-19750\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>image source: Shutterstock<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<h3>Methodology<\/h3>\n<p>For our Lower Manhattan Skyline Evolution video, we turned to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yardimatrix.com\">Yardi Matrix<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyscrapercenter.com\/\">Skyscrapercenter<\/a> data and compiled a list of buildings that are at least 400 feet tall and located in Manhattan, below 14th Street. No building classes were excluded. Additional proprietary research was conducted for the body of the article.<\/p>\n<p>The author would like to thank Derek Hall for the helpful and inspiring discussions on this topic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We continue our Skyline Evolution series with a look at the rise of Lower Manhattan, mapping the skyline as it grew ever taller from the 1900s to today.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":19671,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commercial-real-estate-news","wpautop"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.4 (Yoast SEO v24.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Lower Manhattan Skyline Evolution (1900 to 2018) Video Rendering<\/title>\n<meta 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